持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者腹膜炎发生的危险因素分析

目的探讨非卧床腹膜透析患者腹膜炎发生的危险因素。方法选取我院2017年1月至2018年12月收治的慢性肾衰竭持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者260例作为研究对象,采用一般情况调查问卷收集患者信息,统计记录腹膜炎发生情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析确定腹膜炎发生的影响因素。结果 260例患者中发生腹膜炎的73例,占28. 08%;多因素logistic回归分析显示腹膜炎发生的独立危险因素有高龄、低文化水平、合并糖尿病、透析时长、总蛋白(TP)水平下降、血钙(Ca)水平下降。结论我院慢性肾衰竭持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者相关性腹膜炎发生率为28. 08%,腹膜炎发生独立危险因素为高龄、低文化水平、伴有糖尿病、透析时间长、总蛋白水平下降、血钙水平下降,结合危险因素制定防范干预措施非常重要。     

Alcohol,tobacco and coffee consumption and liver disease severity among individuals with Chronic Hepatitis B infection in North America

Introduction and objectivesThe prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and coffee use and association with liver health among North Americans with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) infection has not been well described.Materials and methodsThe Hepatitis B Research Network includes an observational study of untreated CHB adults enrolled at 21 sites in the United States and Canada. Alcohol use was categorized as none, moderate, and at-risk based on the definition from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; tobacco use as never, current and former; coffee use as none, 1–2 cups/day, and ≥3 cups/day. Linear regression and linear mixed models were used to associate lifestyle behaviors with ALT and FIB-4 values.Results1330 participants met eligibility: 53% males, 71% Asian and the median age was 42 years (IQR: 34–52). Median ALT was 33 U/L (IQR: 22–50), 37% had HBV DNA <10³ IU/mL, 71% were HBeAg negative, and 65% had a FIB-4 <1.45. At baseline, 8% of participants were at-risk alcohol drinkers, 11% were current smokers and 92% drank <3 cups of coffee/day. Current tobacco and ‘at-risk’ alcohol use, were significantly associated with elevated ALT levels in univariable analyses, however, these associations were not statistically significant when controlling for sociodemographic and HBV characteristics.ConclusionsIn this large diverse cohort of untreated CHB participants, at-risk alcohol use, current tobacco use and limited coffee consumption did not have an association with high ALT and FIB-4 values. In contrast, significant associations were found between the frequency of these lifestyle behaviors and sociodemographic factors.     

射干麻黄汤联合沙丁胺醇对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能、生活质量的影响

目的:探讨射干麻黄汤联合沙丁胺醇对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能、生活质量的影响。方法:选择COPD患者90例进行研究,以随机数字表法分为观察组48例和对照组42例。对照组给予沙丁胺醇治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用射干麻黄汤治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、用力肺活量(FVC)、生活质量、中医症候积分、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平变化情况及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,两组总有效率分别为93.75%、76.19%(P<0.05); 治疗后,两组患者FEV1、PEF、FVC水平均得到显著改善,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05); 治疗后,两组躯体、认知、情绪、角色、社会功能、总体健康评分水平均得到显著改善,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05); 治疗后,两组中医症候积分、日间咳嗽积分、夜间咳嗽积分水平显著改善,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05); 治疗后,两组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α、Hs-CRP水平均得到显著改善,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05); 观察组不良反应总发生率为10.42%,对照组为16.67%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:射干麻黄汤联合沙丁胺醇治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病效果显著,可有效改善患者肺功能、生活质量水平。     

养阴益气活血汤对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及生活质量的影响

目的:研究养阴益气活血汤对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能和生活质量的影响。方法:将慢性心力衰竭患者86例随机分为2组。对照组采用常规西药治疗,观察组联合养阴益气活血汤治疗。观察比较2组左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、生活质量评分、中医证候积分、疗效和不良反应。结果:治疗后,2组LVEF升高,LVEDD、LVESD降低,且观察组LVEF高于对照组,LVEDD、LVESD低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组中医证候积分、生活质量评分均降低,且观察组中医证候积分、生活质量评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率为93.02%,对照组总有效率为76.74%,观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:养阴益气活血汤治疗慢性心力衰竭,能显著改善患者心功能,提高生活质量,安全可靠。     

Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene and hereditary fructose intolerance: A coincidence of two rare diseases

Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene (CEAS) is a rare disorder characterized by multiple small intestine ulcers. Patients with CEAS typically present with chronic anemia and gastrointestinal bleeding. Besides CEAS, SLCO2A1 mutations cause primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) which is considered as an extraintestinal manifestation in CEAS patients. Since CEAS and Crohn’s disease are clinically indistinguishable, patients are often misdiagnosed with Crohn’s disease. Herein, we describe a 4-year-old Turkish girl with CEAS due to homozygous pathogenic variant (c.656C > T) in SLCO2A1 with concomitant hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) caused by homozygous pathogenic variant (c.1005C > G) in ALDOB. Prompt restriction of fructose, sucrose and sorbitol resulted in hepatomegaly regression and mild amelioration of patient’s symptoms. Despite budesonide and azathioprine treatments, patient’s protein losing enteropathy and chronic anemia did not improve. Although previous CEAS cases were reported from East Asian countries, it is likely to occur in people from other geographic areas. CEAS seems to be underdiagnosed and high index of suspicion is required for the diagnosis of this rare entity. Patients with prior diagnosis of Crohn’s disease with no response to immunosuppressive treatment or anti-TNF therapy should be re-evaluated for possible CEAS diagnosis.     

Review/overview of pain in sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a highly complex inherited disorder of hemoglobin structure. Although the molecular lesion is a single-point mutation, the sickle gene is pleiotropic in nature causing multiple phenotypic expressions that constitute the various complications of the disease. Its manifestations could be acute, chronic, nociceptive, neuropathic that could occur singly or in various combinations. Pain continues to be the major factor of SCD phenotypic complications and the most common cause of admissions to the Emergency Department and/or the hospital. Although progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of SCD as well as in developing curative therapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy, effective pain management continues to lag behind. Palliative therapies continue to be the major approach to the management of SCD and its complications. The advent of hydroxyurea made partial success in preventing the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises and l-glutamine awaits post-trial confirmation of benefits. The search for additional pharmacotherapeutic agents that could be used singly or in combination with hydroxyurea and/or l-glutamine awaits their dawn hopefully in the near future. The purpose of this review is to describe the various manifestations of SCD, their pathophysiology and their current management. Recent impressive advances in understanding the pathophysiology of pain promise the determination of agents that could replace or minimize the use of opioids.     

中西医结合治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的:分析中西医结合治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法:将我院在2017年3月-2018年9月期间收治的72例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭患者作为研究对象,应用计算机分组法进行分组,一组给予常规治疗,为常规组,一组给予中西医结合治疗,为观察组,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果:观察组患者的治疗有效率高于常规组,数据差异有统计学意义;观察组患者治疗后用力肺活量(Forced Vital Capacity,FVC)为(2.11±0.21)L,格拉斯哥昏迷评分量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)为(42.19±6.47)m/s,1秒用力呼气肺容积(Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second,FEV1)为(1.37±0.22)L,各项数据优于常规组,数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后咳嗽评分为(1.0±0.1)分,喘息评分为(1.2±0.1)分,咳痰评分为(1.2±0.2)分,各项数据均优于常规组(P<0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭,可叠加药物疗效,治疗疗效显著,有效率较高,可以显著改善肺功能,临床应用价值较高,建议在临床中推广使用。     

Co-occurrence of IgE and IgG autoantibodies in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) pathogenesis shows a complex and still unclear interplay between immunoglobulin (Ig)G- and IgE-mediated autoimmunity, leading to mast cell and basophil degranulation and wheal formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate at the same time IgE- and IgG-reactivity to well recognized and recently reported autoantigens in CSU patients, and to assess the effects of such reactivity on response to the anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab. Twenty CSU patients underwent omalizumab treatment. Urticaria activity score 7 (UAS7) was recorded at baseline and at different drug administration time-points for categorizing early-, late- or non-responders. At baseline, sera from the 20 patients and from 20 controls were tested for IgE and IgG autoantibodies to high- and low-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI and FcεRII), tissue factor (TF) and thyroglobulin (TG) by immunoenzymatic methods. Antibody levels were compared with those of controls and analysed according to response. Eighteen patients were omalizumab responders (11 early and seven late), while two were non-responders. More than 50% of patients had contemporary IgE and IgG to at least to one of the four different autoantigens. Late responders showed higher levels of both anti-TF IgE and IgG than early responders (P = 0·011 and P = 0·035, respectively). Twenty-five per cent of patients had levels of anti-FcεRI IgE, exceeding the upper normal limit, suggesting that it could be a novel auto-allergen in CSU. In CSU, there is an autoimmune milieu characterized by the co-existence of IgE and IgG autoantibodies to the same antigen/allergen, particularly in late responders to omalizumab, possibly explaining the slower response.